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第四章: 建立数据库
1、create database plan： 1、库类型：OLTP :在线事务处理系统 OLAP : 在线应用处理系统 DSS : 数据决策系统 2、数据库名字及字符集 3、存储空间 4、数据库的物理和逻辑的结构以及存储结构 2、建库的准备： 1）建立口令文件，用于sys用户远程登录的认证（remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive），位置 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwSID.创建命令： orapwd [oracle@work dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwprod password=oracle entries=5 force=y remote_login_passwordfile 1)none 拒绝sys用户从远程连接 2）exclusive sys用户可以从远程连接 3）share 多个库可以共享口令文件 2）创建init parameter 文件 [oracle@oracle dbs]$more initdw.ora |grep -v '^#'|grep -v '^$' >initlx02.ora [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lx02/bdump [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lx02/cdump [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lx02/udump [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02 [oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initlx02.oradb_name = lx02
db_block_size = 8192 pga_aggregate_target = 30M db_cache_size = 80M shared_pool_size = 60M parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4 optimizer_mode = choose star_transformation_enabled = true db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16 query_rewrite_enabled = true query_rewrite_integrity = trustedbackground_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lx02/bdump
user_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lx02/udump core_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lx02/cdumpcontrol_files = $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/control01.ctl
undo_management = auto
undo_tablespace = rtbs3）建立建库脚本
1、库名 2、表空间及数据文件的位置和大小 3、redo 日志文件的位置和大小 4、字符集 建库脚本：vi cr_db.sql create database lx02 user sys identified by oracle user system identified by oracle datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/system01.dbf' size 300m sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/temp01.dbf' size 100m undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m logfile group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/redo01a.log' size 10m, group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/lx02/redo02a.log' size 10m character set zhs16gbk;告警日志信息：
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400mdefault storage (initial 10K next 10K) online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011 Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m default storage (initial 10K next 10K) EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY online Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011 create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM storage (initial 50K next 50K) Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM storage (initial 50K next 50K) Sat Aug 20 00:26:49 2011 Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2 Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log Sat Aug 20 00:26:50 2011 CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100mSat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1. Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011 create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100mEXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online Sat Aug 20 00:26:54 2011 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100mCompleted: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011 ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011 ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM Sat Aug 20 00:27:01 2011 SMON: enabling tx recovery Sat Aug 20 00:27:02 2011 Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded. replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found) Starting background process QMNC QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=6485 Sat Aug 20 00:27:03 2011 Completed: create database test user sys identified by **user system identified by *datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m logfile group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo01a.log' size 10m, group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo02a.log' size 10m, group 3 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo03a.log' size 10m character set zhs16gbk
4）建立数据字典 数据字典脚本：vi cr_dict.sql @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql conn system/oracle @$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql 5）创建users 表空间，作为普通用户的默认表空间 08:08:19 SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ SYSTEM RTBS SYSAUX TEMP4 rows selected.
08:08:27 SQL> col file_name for a50
08:08:37 SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/system01.dbf SYSTEM 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/rtbs01.dbf RTBS 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX 08:09:56 SQL> create tablespace users 08:10:01 2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/user01.dbf' size 100m;Tablespace created.
08:10:41 SQL> alter database default tablespace users;
Database altered.
08:10:45 SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/system01.dbf SYSTEM 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/rtbs01.dbf RTBS 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lx02/user01.dbf USERS4 rows selected.
6）添加scott 案例 08:11:45 SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [oracle@oracle ~]$